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20% of your DNA does not code for
proteins, nor regulate genes. Scientists don't know what it does! |
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DNA GENES:
For
Parents & Teachers
"Gene here. I'm back to tell you a bit about me and the rest of the
Genes. We Genes are stretches of DNA and we all have assigned places
on the cell's chromosomes. Oh, there's all sorts of other folks that
have assigned places, but they're not Genes like us.
Why, there's the on switches that tell a Gene when its time to go to
work. For example, right after you eat, the insulin-on-switch tells me to get busy!
And then there's the off switches that give a Gene time off. For instance, when
enough insulin has been made, the insulin-off-switch tells me to take a rest!
Not to mention the docking sites for special proteins to bind when its time to wind us all
up into a chromosome before cell division.
And what about all those
stretches of DNA that do who knows what? (scientists haven't figured
them out yet!)
"How are we all fit on the chromosome? Let's take a peek
at the DNA Ladder again. Can you find me?
"Enough about them. Let's get back to me! I am a
pretty small gene as far as that goes. I'm only about 230 nucleotides long.
When you consider that all the DNA in one nucleus of one human cell adds up to over two
and a half billion (2,500,000,000) nucleotides long, well, I'm kind of puny. But
size has nothing to do with importance. And I'm very, very important.
"My pal Gene, who knows how to make
hemoglobin, is about twice my size.
And then, there is Gene, who knows how to make myosin, the
protein that makes your muscles work, who is 20 times bigger than me!
"How do we do it? Keep the blueprints
for making proteins? After all, we are made from only 4 different nucleotides!
Fact is, we are so simple, scientists used to call us
the 'stupid
substance'. We Genes had a good laugh over that one! But eventually
those scientists figured out our secret.
"You see, proteins like Polly are made from building
blocks, too. Only their building blocks are different from mine and are called
'amino acids'. There are 20 different amino acids that can be used to make folks
like Polly. That's what threw those scientists off our scent for a while. They
were thinking, since Polly is made from 20 kinds of building blocks and we Genes are only
made from 4 kinds, no way we could know how to construct a Polly. But we do!
RayNA will tell you our secret a little later.
"Right now, why don't we go find Polly so
she can show you how she makes exact copies of the
chromosomes."
DNA GENES:
For
Parents & Teachers
Related Pages:
DNA Introduction
DNA Detail
Learn more! Google:
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homework help
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